Жінки в економіці воєнного часу: критичний аналіз структурних диспропорцій
Ключові слова:
економіка, державне управління, громади, сталий розвиток, гендерна рівність, Україна, стійкість
Анотація
Анотація.Актуальність. Повномасштабне вторгнення Росії в Україну у 2022 році спричинило глибокі економічні зміни, які мали нерівномірний вплив на жінок і чоловіків. Тенденції масової мобілізації чоловіків, широкомасштабної міграції та фемінізації робочої сили в країні загострили гендерні диспропорції в оплаті праці, зайнятості та доступі до публічних ресурсів.Мета дослідження – проаналізувати глибинні процеси трансформації економічних ролей жінок в умовах військового часу в Україні за період 2022-2025 рр. із використанням дослідницької призми феміністської економічної теорії на прикладі аналізу макроекономічних показників та секторальних змін.Результати. Дослідження розбирає наслідки війни через якісні та кількісні показники. Вони, зокрема, включають падіння ВВП у 2022 році з тенденцією його відновлення у наступні роки, зростання інфляції та безробіття з одночасним зростанням затребуваності робочої сили. Визначено, що хоча чоловіки стали основною захисною силою країни, жінки понесли більше економічних втрат (загострилася проблема безробіття, зберігся розрив у зарплатах до 30-40% та обмеження доступу до ресурсів). При цьому, багатьох секторах економіки (зокрема, сільське господарство, промисловість, послуги, освіта та охорона здоров'я) спостерігаються тенденції фемінізації праці: жінки заповнюють вакансії, які раніше займали чоловіки, беруть на себе подвійне навантаження (оплачувана праця та неоплачуваний догляд за дітьми і батьками, а також волонтерство). При цьому проблеми дискримінації, стигматизації та перевантаження залишаються невирішеними.Висновки. Війна оголила та посилила структурні гендерні нерівності у господарській системі України та проявила внесок жінок в економіку як критичний, але часто невидимий і недооцінений. Для стійкого відновлення країна потребує впровадження гендерно-чутливих політик, спрямованих на зменшення розривів у зарплатах, цільової підтримки вразливих груп – таких, як, зокрема, ветеран(к)и, ВПО, одинокі матері та жінки із незахищеним місцем роботи.Завантаження
Дані завантаження ще не доступні.
Посилання
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Опубліковано
2026-03-06
Як цитувати
Матвеєва, О. (2026). Жінки в економіці воєнного часу: критичний аналіз структурних диспропорцій. Аспекти публічного управління, 14(1), 24-40. https://doi.org/10.15421/152553
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